Bibliographic record
Abstract
My aim in writing this book is to give an account of the creation of Britain's forest estate during the 20th Century.U nti] 1919 Britain was one ofthe very few European countries that had no Government Forestry Policy and which had tolerated the depletion of its once abundant woodland cover to the point where it occupied only some 6% of the total land surface-one of the lowest in Europe where the average is around 25%.The economic argument was that as a trading nation Britain's exports would enable her to buy her (very large) requirements of wood and wood products from the forest-rich countries of the northern coniferous belt (Canada, Scandinavia, the Baltic and Russia) and from the vast rain forests of the tropical countries, many of them part of the (then) British Empire.Up until the First World War all went according to plan, but wood is a bulky commodity and importing the war-time essential timber requirements in 1914 and 1915 occupied between one-seventh and one-eighth of all the shipping entering British ports.In 1919 The Forestry Commission was estahlished by Act of Parliament with the general duty of promoting the interests of forestry, the development and expansion of Britain's forests and the production and supply of timher.The adoption of a positive policy of direct tree planting by the State (the newly formed Forestry Commission) and the encouragement of the private sector to restock its woodlands, stripped of much of their mature timber for the war effort, did little to add to timber availability by the out-break of the Second World War some 20 years later in 1939.Again, the war-time needs for timber put a huge strain on shipping and further depleted the already low retierve1i of (mostly private) timber from home woodlands.The Post-War Forestry Policy developed during the (1939)(1940)(1941)(1942)(1943)(1944)(1945)(1946) war years and put into effect soon after the end of the war, saw a great increase in the area planted annually by the Forestry Commission and, in time, by the private sector, under the new long-term grant aided schemes for re-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.351 | 0.347 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".