Numerical simulation of the 2D lid-driven cavity flow of chiral liquid crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the two-dimensional (2D), lid-driven cavity flow of chiral liquid crystals (LCs) was modelled using the Landau de-Gennes (LdG) theory. Parametric studies investigating the effect of Er (Ericksen number) and Θ (chiral strength) on the microstructure of chiral LCs were performed. In this study, we observed that an increase in Θ caused the chiral texture to have more striations and shorter pitch lengths as causes for an increased number of defects. When Θ was held constant, an increase in Er disrupted the chiral structure and even broke it at very high Er. Interestingly, a transition from low Er (10) to moderate Er (1,000) increased the number of defects; however, further increases in Er reduced the number of defects since much of the chiral structure was destroyed by the high viscous flow effects. In particular, even at very high Er, the chiral structure and defects were still present as a vortex was always present with lower velocities, where the viscous flow effect was smaller. We also found that a hexagonal structure with penta-hepta defects formed at high chiral strengths.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".