Assessment of the Physiochemical Characteristics of Water Samples from Vicinity Area of Wadafiae Landfill, Khartoum North, Sudan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid increase in population, urbanization, industrialization, and changes in consumption patterns have given rise to many environmental problems, which mainly include air, land, and water pollution. In Khartoum North, Khartoum State, Sudan, there was a lack of a compatible solid waste management system. These resulted in a decline in environmental health, and the majority of the yards were turned into dumps (kusha). The current study focused on the effects of uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste on groundwater, as well as assessing the risk of physiochemical concentrations in the water around the dumpsite and comparing the differences between the dry and rainy seasons in water samples at Wadafiea Dumpsite, Khartoum North, Sudan. Water parameters such as TSS, Cl⁻, TDS, Ca, Mg, SAR, and Na exceeded the controlled 1 (1.333) and 2 (1.332) levels of water and were within the Sudanese Maximum Values, the bounds of Canadian Guideline Values, and WHO Values.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".