Novel Strategy to Drive the Intracellular Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanoparticles' uptake by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor microenvironment is often the rate-limiting step in cancer nanomedicine. Herein, we report that the inclusion of aminopolycarboxylic acid conjugated lipids, such as EDTA- or DTPA-hexadecylamide lipids in liposome-like porphyrin nanoparticles (PS) enhanced their intracellular uptake by 25-fold, which was attributed to these lipids' ability to fluidize the cell membrane in a detergent-like manner rather than by metal chelation of EDTA or DTPA. EDTA-lipid-incorporated-PS (ePS) take advantage of its unique active uptake mechanism to achieve >95 % photodynamic therapy (PDT) cell killing compared to <5 % cell killing by PS. In multiple tumor models, ePS demonstrated fast fluorescence-enabled tumor delineation within minutes post-injection and increased PDT potency (100 % survival rate) compared to PS (60 %). This study offers a new nanoparticle cellular uptake strategy to overcome challenges associated with conventional drug delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".