Bibliographic record
Abstract
A bstract We construct and study an ensemble of non-isometric error correcting codes in a toy model of an evaporating black hole in two-dimensional dilaton gravity. In the preferred bases of Euclidean path integral states in the bulk and Hamiltonian eigenstates in the boundary, the encoding map is proportional to a linear transformation with independent complex Gaussian random entries of zero mean and unit variance. Using measure concentration, we show that the typical such code is very likely to preserve pairwise inner products in a set S of states that can be subexponentially large in the microcanonical Hilbert space dimension of the black hole. The size of this set also serves as an upper limit on the bulk effective field theory Hilbert space dimension. Similar techniques are used to demonstrate the existence of state-specific reconstructions of S -preserving code space unitary operators. State-specific reconstructions on subspaces exist when they are expected to by entanglement wedge reconstruction. We comment on relations to complexity theory and the breakdown of bulk effective field theory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".