A Multiphase Mixed Methods Study on the Integration of a Population Health Approach in Sexual Health Programs and Services in Ontario Public Health Units
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study investigated the extent of and factors influencing implementation of a population health approach within sexual health programming in public health. METHOD: This sequential multi-phase mixed methods study combined findings from a quantitative survey assessing the extent that a population health approach was implemented in sexual health programs in Ontario public health units and qualitative interviews with sexual health managers and/or supervisors. Interviews explored factors influencing implementation and were analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS: Staff from fifteen of 34 public health units completed surveys and ten interviews were completed with sexual health managers/supervisors. From the 8 Population Health Key Elements Template, 6 elements were moderately implemented and 2 had low implementation. Qualitative findings focused on enablers and barriers to implementing a population health approach in sexual health programs and services and explained most of the quantitative results. However, some of the quantitative findings were not explained by qualitative data (e.g., low implementation of using the principles of social justice). CONCLUSION: Qualitative findings revealed factors influencing the implementation of a population health approach. A lack of resources available to health units, differing priorities between health units and community stakeholders, and access to evidence around population-level interventions influenced implementation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Qualitative | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Other design | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".