CO2 fracturing simulation and reservoir simulation case study in the Liard Basin of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology had contributed to the commercial shale gas production. However, hydraulic fracturing requires a water for the drilling fluids. Many countries have shale gas fields and are water stress country such as China. CO2 fracturing have many advantages than water fracturing. One is that CO2 gas is a greenhouse gas. The other is that SRV of the CO2 fracturing is much larger than that of the water fracturing due to the low viscosity of CO2 gas. Devonian age Besa River shale gas play in the Liard Basin of northeastern BC with net estimated sales gas of 48 TCF over an area of 430,000 acres. We have conducted many case studies about CO2 fracturing simulation and reservoir simulation in the shale gas of Liard basin. In order to study, mechanical earth model was constructed. From this case study, we designed optimum fracturing pattern and development plan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".