Nonlinearity of the equation of state effects dynamics of nonlinear internal waves in late winter lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In late winter many lakes are iced over, and hence remain cut off from the mechanical forcing due to wind. At the same time, strong radiative forcing modifies the inverse stratification associated with wintertime conditions. The inverse stratification occurs due to the fact that freshwater has a temperature of maximum density (around 4 degrees Centigrade) and the equation state of freshwater is thus nonlinear. In this talk I will demonstrate that this nonlinearity has a profound influence on the characteristics of nonlinear internal solitary-like waves in the cold water regime. In particular, predcitions of waves made using a piecewise linear density profile yield waves with the opposite polarity to those calculated using temperature profiles and the full nonlinear equation of state. I will present results based on the Dubreil-Jacotin Long theory, but similar conclusions can be made based on weakly nonlinear (KdV) theory. Time permitting I will discuss implications of these results for shoaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".