Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Beaufort-Mackenzie fold and thrust belt (Arctic Canada): from orogenic shortening to gravity spreading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Beaufort-Mackenzie fold and thrust belt in Arctic Canada corresponds to the offshore part of the Cordilleran orogen in Yukon and Alaska. The main folds are associated with thrusts that root in a basal décollement at depths of ca. 12-15 km. Deformation mainly occurred prior to the deposition of the Richards sequence (late Eocene) and subsequent folding that progressed basinward and continued episodically to the present accounts for < 10% of the total shortening. In the shelf region, normal faults dipping either seaward or landward are located on the apex of anticlines. Detailed analysis on seismic sections of the variations of throw (T) and expansion index (Ei) with depth (z) indicates that despite the clear spatial relationship with anticlines, normal faults initiated after fold development. Normal faulting migrated seaward during the Oligocene to Pliocene (and possibly later) along with the shelf edge that resulted from the progradation of thick sedimentary wedges of clastic sediments. This strongly suggests that normal faulting is not related to tectonics (i.e., linked with the building of the Cordillera), but to gravity spreading due to high sedimentary loading in the Mackenzie delta; i.e. main depocenter for sediments originating from the northeastern Cordillera since the latest Cretaceous. The superimposition of extensional structures on an existing fold and thrust belt shows the complex interplay in time and space between far-field stresses linked with plate-dynamics and stresses associated with sedimentary loading in a delta setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".