Interannual variability of the meridional overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) has drawn extensive attention due to the MOC’s impact on global heat and freshwater redistribution. The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) array, consisting of an OSNAP West section covering the Labrador Sea and an OSNAP East section covering the eastern subpolar basins (Irminger and Iceland Basins), has continuously observed the MOC and meridional heat and freshwater transports since 2014. The OSNAP observations have contributed substantially to the understanding of the mean state and sub-seasonal to seasonal variability of the subpolar MOC. In this study, we present the latest OSNAP observational results and investigate interannual variability of the subpolar MOC with respect to water mass transformation and formation in the Labrador Sea and eastern subpolar basins. We detail the differences between formation and transformation in each of these basins and discuss their relationships to overturning on monthly and interannual time scales. Finally, we explore the mechanism(s) responsible for these differences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".