Electrohydrodynamic atomization of CNT on PTFE membrane for scaling resistant membranes in membrane distillation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, an electrohydrodynamic atomization or electrospraying technique is used for the uniform deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on a commercially available PTFE membrane and employed for Membrane Distillation (MD) process. Modified PTFE-CNT membrane was characterized for water contact angle, liquid entry pressure (LEP), pore size distribution, and surface morphology. The electrospray coating of CNT on the PTFE membrane enhances the turbulence and thereby the temperature polarization coefficient (TPC). The pore size of the micropatterned PTFE-CNT membrane has been reduced and pore size distribution has been narrowed compared to the PTFE membrane. Field-effect scanning electron microscopy images of the membranes were observed before and after the MD process. Functionally graded PTFE-CNT membrane showed superior desalination performance compared to the PTFE membrane with less amount of cake layer formation on the membrane surface. Water vapor flux remained constant during 24-h continuous MD process operation with 99.99% rejection of inorganic salts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".