Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite its compassionate reputation, Canada remains among the number of Western democracies where immigrant detainees including infants and children, the disabled and seniors can be held indefinitely. According to Human Rights Watch, the lack of transparency and secrecy in Canadian detention centres have been a continuing issue.1 There are three immigration holding centers in Canada – Surrey, BC, Toronto, Ont and Laval, Quebec. The Laval holding centre2 which sits at the edge of the city and is situated among correctional institutions has since moved to a new facility (in the same area) with high perimeter fencing.3 The architectural notes for the new centre mention “that [the] design principle is to use long life cycle materials in interesting ways, to bring a human scale to otherwise unforgiving environments…… Heavy timber or engineering wood will be used throughout in order to showcase a warm and homey feeling.”4 It is virtually impossible to find images of its interiors. Over the last decade, 73000 people have been detained and 17 have died while in custody. Following a review of immigrant detention practices, the government of British Columbia cited the failure of human rights standards as a reason to terminate their arrangement with the Canadian Border Services (CBSA) to hold immigrant detainees in provincial correctional facilities. This arrangement will cease in July 2023.5 The British Columbia (BC) Immigration Holding Center where a detainee died on Christmas day, 2022 is in the Surrey Business Park.6 Its location is found within a bustling multicultural community with abundant South Asian, Afghan, and Nepali eateries and services. It is conveniently situated among residential homes, schools, colleges, strip-malls, box-store shopping, entertainment and service amenities such as Walmart, Costco, The Real Canadian Superstore, Canadian Tire, Shoppers Drug Mart, Planet Fitness, and more. Unless defined on Google Maps, the holding center does not appear immediately on the business park map. The map however identifies many nearby services, including immigration consultants, and law offices. The businesses appear to be housed in mostly generic box-type strip mall structures with similar design and exterior neutral colours. To activate the Street View, it is easier to click on a pizza shop located a few blocks west of the holding center and navigate the viewing arrow. Unlike Laval, there are no intimidating fences to help us identify the building's purpose. Instead, the BC Holding Centre is yet another inconspicuous box-like storage building with reflective glass that sees out, but not in. Its human goods are held within. In Surrey, the hyper-invisibility of the immigrant detainees rests upon the hyper-visibility of the consumerscape (Figure 1). Google Maps (the image is created by the author). Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it