Prevalence of shoulder problems in youth swimmers in Ontario.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Shoulder problems are common in swimmers. Previous research has focused on elite swimmers. Our research questions were: 1) what is the prevalence of shoulder problems among Ontario age group swimmers and 2) how does prevalence relate to age, sex and years of experience? Methods: A cross sectional survey was administered to youth swimmers from two Ontario clubs. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC) was used to assess four-week prevalence of shoulder problems. Prevalence (%) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was constructed and prevalence across age, sex and years of experience was investigated using cross-tabulations and chi-square tests. Results: There were 83 surveys completed (response rate 50%). The 4-week prevalence of shoulder pain was 35% (95% CI 25%, 45%). Shoulder problems were not significantly related to age, sex or years of experience. Conclusion: These results can inform future studies on injury prevention and risk mitigation strategies in swimmers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".