Synthesis and Photothermal Properties of UV-Plasmonic Group IV Transition Metal Carbide Nanoparticles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Refractory nanostructures are low-cost and chemically and thermally robust alternatives to noble metal based plasmonic materials. Transition metal nitrides have received much of the attention lately, but there has been less emphasis on closely related non-layered carbide counterparts. In this work, plasmonic group IV transition metal carbide (TiC, ZrC, and HfC) nanostructures were prepared using a facile magnesiothermic reduction method which yielded phase pure product. TiC, ZrC and HfC with rock salt crystal structure and an average particle size of 24, 31, and 42 nm, respectively were obtained by reacting corresponding metal oxide, magnesium, and biochar in solid-state. Calculations performed using finite element method predicted these group IV carbide nanostructures to have localized surface plasmon resonance in the UV region between 150 175 nm. The photothermal transduction efficiency of each carbide was explored to further verify the plasmonic behavior. HfC was found to have the highest photothermal transduction efficiency (73%), followed by ZrC (69%), and then TiC (60%) at 365 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".