Scan rate and concentration dependence of the voltammograms of substituted phenols on electrodes with different size, diffusion coefficients of phenols in different solvents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the effects of the scan rate and the concentration of the substituted phenols on the peak currents or current plateaus have been investigated. Voltammetric curves recorded by a platinum microelectrode varied significantly under different experimental conditions in cases of 4-chlorophenol, 4- tert-butylphenol, and 4-nitrophenol. In the case of 4-methoxyphenol and 4- tert-butylphenol, when the experiments were performed in the lower concentration range in acetonitrile, the plateau current and peak current showed linear dependence on phenol concentration. Therefore, these ranges offer opportunity for further characterization. The electrode reaction of 4-methoxyphenol was found to be a diffusion-controlled process in the solvents applied (water, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, nitrobenzene, acetone, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol). Diffusion coefficients of 4-methoxyphenol were determined with a microelectrode using the steady-state voltammograms. Diffusion coefficients of other phenols were measured only in acetonitrile with a macroelectrode. In agreement with known theories, the diffusion coefficients showed inversely proportional relationships with the solvent viscosities. Special care was needed in 1-pentanol solvent since the increasing anodic peaks appeared after the first scan and overlaid with the sigmoidal-shaped regular microelectrode voltammograms. This observation is probably due to formation of adhering residual electroactive products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".