Simulating northern hemisphere glacier – ocean interactions using the Open Global Glacier Model and the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine-terminating glaciers cover roughly one-third of the Northern Hemisphere's glacierized area (outside the Greenland ice sheet) and their direct freshwater export to the oceans has the potential to change not only global mean sea level (GMSL), but also local and regional ocean circulation patterns. Due to the interrelation of surface and frontal mass budgets, the dynamics of marine-terminating glaciers are distinct from those of land-terminating glaciers forced only by the atmosphere. Here, were present recent advances in large-scale modeling of marine-terminating glaciers in the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM). These include an enhanced representation of frontal processes and an independent calibration of surface and frontal mass balance. Further, we do a first investigation of coupling effects with an ocean general circulation model (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean; NEMO). Including an explicit treatment of frontal processes (but so far ignoring future changes in ocean climate), we find that the spread between different emission scenarios at the end of the 21st century is reduced. Cumulative GMSL rise contribution projected for Northern Hemisphere glaciers is reduced by ca. 8 % in 2100, while the reduction for marine-terminating glaciers is ca. 23 %. Utilizing temperature and salinity output of NEMO, configured for the Arctic and Northern Hemisphere Atlantic (NEMO-ANHA4), to force a newly implemented submarine melt parameterization in OGGM, we estimate that 12 (6 - 22) % of the total frontal ablation was caused by submarine melt between 2010 and 2020. Finally, we explore differences in the ocean model’s output between runs that include the freshwater forcing from northern hemisphere glaciers and those that do not. The two main findings considering NEMO runs that include the freshwater forcing derived from OGGM output compared to those that do not are: i) an increased heat transport into Baffin Bay, and ii) changes in the pathways of Atlantic water to the Arctic Ocean, with less transport into the Barents Sea and more through Fram Strait.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".