NH3 emissions derived from CRIS observations over Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past century ammonia (NH3) emissions have increased with human population growth and fertilizer usage. The abundant NH3 emissions lead to climate change, reduction in biodiversity and affect the human health. Up-to-date information of NH3emissions are essential to better understand the impact of NH3. In this study we adapted the existing DECSO (Daily Emissions Constrained by Satellite Observations) algorithm for use of NH3 observations from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) to estimate NH3 emissions. By considering the interaction between NH3 and NOx, we implemented DECSO to estimate NOx and NH3 emissions simultaneously on 20 km resolution over European domain. NH3 and NOx emissions over Europe are derived for 2020 on a daily basis from CrIS and TROPOMI (on Sentinel 5p). Due to the sparseness of daily satellite observations of NH3, monthly emissions of NH3 are constructed and analysed. The comparison of these emissions with other existing emission inventories will be presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".