Ocean-air trace gas (N2O) fluxes derived from open-path FTIR atmospheric concentration gradient measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to measure path-average trace gas concentrations [ppbv] in the atmospheric boundary layer. Recently, the technique has been applied to derive trace gas fluxes from soils using the flux-gradient (FG) approach. We describe the novel application of OP-FTIR-FG to derive ocean-air fluxes of N2O [kg N2O ha-1 h-1] at a coastal site in the northwest Atlantic (2018, 2020-2021). Details of OP-FTIR system deployment across Halifax Harbour (Nova Scotia, Canada) are presented and we describe the application of co-located 3-D sonic anemometer measurements to gas flux calculations. Finally, we present a full error characterization of N2O flux and a case study of episodic negative (into ocean) flux. This high frequency (30 min) and spatially averaging (560 m) method is well suited to coastal monitoring of ocean-air N2O fluxes and complementary to ocean-side measurements of N2O in complex circulation and microbial environments. The possibility of other gas flux detection by this technique will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".