Third quantization of open quantum systems: new dissipative symmetries and connections to phase-space and Keldysh field theory formulations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The connections between standard theoretical tools used to study open quantum systems can sometimes seem opaque. Whether it is a Lindblad master equation, the equation of motion for the Wigner function or a dissipative Keldysh action, features evident in one formalism are often masked in another. Here, we reformulate the technique of third quantization in a way that explicitly connects all three methods. We first show that our formulation reveals a fundamental dissipative symmetry present in all quadratic bosonic or fermionic Lindbladians. This symmetry can then be used to easily diagonalize these models, and provides a intuitive way to demonstrate the separation of dissipation and fluctations in linear systems. For bosons, we then show that the Wigner function and the characteristic function can be thought of as ''wavefunctions'' of the density matrix in the eigenbasis of the third-quantized superoperators we introduce. The field-theory representation of the time-evolution operator in this basis is then the Keldysh path integral. To highlight the utility of our approach, we apply our version of third quantization to a dissipative non-linear oscillator, and use it to obtain new exact results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".