In Situ Neuroblastoma: The Intriguing “Tumor” of Neuroectodermal Origin and the Putative Cancer Stem Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent solid tumor encountered outside of the central nervous system in infancy. It is considered an embryonal tumor arising from pluripotent sympathetic cells called neuroblasts with characteristic neurosecretory granules. They are positive for chromogranin A, and are double membrane bounded ultra-structurally. In rare occurrences, it can be identified at neonatal age or at very early infancy. In situ labelling of neuroblastoma has been used, but there is a remarkable controversy around it, because most of these clusters of neuroblastic cells do not exhibit a neoplastic potential. These clusters often regress, and these pediatric patients should not receive chemotherapy. This chapter reviews the challenges of this tumor and report on the heterogeneity of this kind of pediatric neoplasm with a focus on putative cancer stem cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".