Multi-trauma care in the Intensive Care Unit and the role of the nurse: A literature review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple traumas occupy a significant part of the staff in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), as multi-injured patients almost always require intensive care. These patients are distinguished, depending on the cause and type of injuries, in specific categories such as injuries, bleeding etc. During their stay in the ICU they may experience complications that need immediate treatment. The role of the nurse is mainly focused on the constant vigilance and the correct hierarchy of interventions. Aim: The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the care of the multi-injured in ICU and the role of the nurse on it. Method: A bibliographic review was performed on the sites 'PubMed', 'google scholar', 'Scopus' and 'open-archives', with the keywords: 'multi-injured', 'multi-injured in ICU', 'multi-injured care in ICU' , "the role of the nurse in ICU" and "patient with trauma in ICU", for the years 2007-21. A total of 28 articles were used, in English and Greek language. Results: An observational study in Greece (2011) showed that the most common cause of admission to ICUs was road accidents, while a study in China (2014-15) showed that acute intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury were the most common causes of death. A study in South Korea (2010-15) found that the most common complication in multiple injuries in ICU was respiratory-related pneumonia (VAP), while in another study in the Netherlands (2013-18) 24.6% developed delirium/confusion within the ICU. Meta-analyses in China (2018) and Australia (2016) and a literature review in Canada (2016) showed that early enteral nutrition reduces complications, mortality, and length of stay in the ICU. According to a cohort study in USA (2012), early mobilization of the multi-injured also contributes to the reduction of complications. An observational study in England (2012-15) showed that surgery reduces mortality, while in a prospective study in Brazil (2010-11) the workload of nurses in ICUs with multiple injuries was high and correlated with various factors. Finally, in a contemporary study in Greece (2019) it was observed that 80% of patients in the ICU had experienced positive experiences from the nursing staff. Conclusions: In recent years, studies have been conducted internationally on the prevention, treatment and care of multiple injuries in ICUs. It is proposed to further strengthen the role of nurses, mainly through the institutionalization of protocols and training programs, to improve patient prognosis and reduce health costs in hospitals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.017 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".