An Experimental Investigation of Energy Dissipation for Stepped Spillways with Different Flow Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The stepped spillway is the most effective hydraulic structure for dissipating energy downstream of the spillway crest.This paper investigates the energy dissipation rate on physical models of traditional steps at downstream angles (25˚, 35 , 45 ) in which each angle was modelled with two different heights of steps (45, and 90 mm).Experimentation has been done for plain steps, and steps with end sill steps of a thickness of 15 mm.The results, which are supported by dimensional considerations, show that the critical depth of flow passing over the spillway to the step height yc/h, the number of steps N, and the slope of the stepped spillway are the parameters that affect energy dissipation.The results show also that the relative energy loss on pooling steps dissipates more energy than on flat steps by about 4.6%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".