Intelligent Modelling Techniques for Predicting Used Cars Prices in Saudi Arabia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The production of cars has been decreasing in most countries since the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2021.Due to this, the used car market has grown to be a booming industry by itself.Recent advances in online portals and platforms have made it possible to get more information about the factors that determine used car values.Hence, car price prediction has become a high-interest field of research.This paper aims to investigate the power of machine learning to build a model that will be able to predict the approximate price of a used car by utilizing the "Saudi Arabia Used Cars" Dataset which is collected from the Syarah platform and available on the Kaggle platform.The model assists both customer and seller to estimate the approximate price of a used car in the market.Three different Machine learning techniques were utilized which are Linear Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost which score an MSE of 0.15, 0.10, and 0.19 respectively.The Random Forest Regressor algorithm outperformed other algorithms where it achieves the best result on the three evaluated metrics RMSE, MSE, and R-squared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".