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Record W4323061258 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000157

Gambling in Canada During the Pandemic: 6 Months After the National COVID Lockdown

2022· article· en· W4323061258 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Carrie A. Shaw, David C. Hodgins, Robert J. Williams, Yale D. Belanger, Darren R. Christensen, Nady el‐Guebaly, Daniel S. McGrath, Rhys Stevens

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicGambling Behavior and Treatments
Canadian institutionsUniversity of CalgaryUniversity of Lethbridge
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PandemicPsychologyBiopsychosocial modelMoodPsychiatryDemographyCohortYoung adultClinical psychologyMedicineDiseaseDevelopmental psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic on gambling and problem gambling in Canada. Method: A stratified national cohort of regular gamblers (n=2790) completed a comprehensive online questionnaire 6 months before the onset of the pandemic (baseline; August-November 2019), during the nation-wide lockdown (May-June 2020), and 6 months after the lockdown (December 2020). Results: Significant decreases in gambling frequency, time spent in gambling sessions, money spent, and the number of game types played occurred during lockdown followed by significant increases in all of these same measures postlockdown. However, the level of postlockdown gambling behavior was still significantly lower than prepandemic baseline levels. A significant shift to online gambling was also observed during the lockdown, which persisted postlockdown. Problem gambling scores also declined during the lockdown, with no significant change in these scores postlockdown. Consistent with previous literature, it was found that a higher level of gambling engagement, online gambling participation, and known biopsychosocial factors (family history of problem gambling, gambling fallacies, substance use, male sex, mood disorder) were predictors of problem gambling at postlockdown. COVID-specific factors predictive of problem gambling postlockdown were the presence of negative COVID-related health impacts and increased levels of social interaction and leisure time. Conclusions: The COVID-related lockdowns have resulted in lower levels of gambling and problem gambling symptomatology as well as increased online gambling in Canada that have persisted to some extent 6 months postlockdown. Future studies are necessary to ascertain whether these represent permanent or temporary changes. Objectif: Étudier l’impact de la pandémie de COVID sur le jeu et les problèmes reliés aux jeux d’argent au Canada. Méthode: Une cohorte nationale stratifiée de joueurs réguliers (N=2790) a rempli un questionnaire complet en ligne six mois avant le début de la pandémie (base de référence; août-novembre 2019), pendant le confinement national (mai-juin 2020) et six-mois après le confinement (décembre 2020). Résultats: Une diminution significative de la fréquence de jeu, du temps passé en sessions de jeu, de l’argent dépensé, et du nombre de types de jeux joués s’est produit pendant le confinement, suivi d’une augmentation significative de ces mêmes nombres après le confinement. Cependant, le niveau de comportement de jeu après le confinement était toujours significativement inférieur aux niveaux de référence pré-pandémiques. Un changement significatif vers le jeu en ligne a également été observé pendant le confinement, qui a persisté après le confinement. Les indicateurs de jeu problématique ont également diminué pendant le confinement, sans changement significatif dans des résultats après le confinement. Conformément à la littérature précédente, il a été constaté qu’un niveau plus élevé d’implication dans le jeu, de participation au jeu en ligne et de facteurs biopsychosociaux connus (antécédents familiaux de jeu problématique, sophisme du joueur, consommation de substances, sexe masculin, trouble de l’humeur) sont de bons indices de problèmes de jeu après le confinement. Les facteurs prédictifs spécifiques au COVID pour les problèmes de jeu après le confinement étaient la présence d’effets négatifs sur santé liés à la COVID, une fréquence accrue d’interaction sociale et de temps de loisir. Conclusions: Les mesures d’isolement liés à la COVID ont entraîné une baisse des niveaux de jeu et la symptomatologie du jeu problématique ainsi que l’augmentation du jeu en ligne au Canada qui ont persisté dans une certaine mesure 6 mois après le confinement. Des études futures serons nécessaires pour déterminer si ces changements sont permanents ou temporaires.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.030
Threshold uncertainty score0.100

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.060
GPT teacher head0.313
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations8
Published2022
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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