PubSub-ML: A Model Streaming Alternative to Federated Learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Federated learning is a decentralized learning framework where participating sites are engaged in a tight collaboration, forcing them into symmetric sharing and the agreement in terms of data samples, feature spaces, model types and architectures, privacy settings, and training processes. We propose PubSub-ML, Publish-Subscribe for Machine Learning, as a solution in a loose collaboration setting where each site maintains local autonomy on these decisions. In PubSub-ML, each site is either a publisher or a subscriber or both. The publishers publish differentially private machine learning models and the subscribers subscribe to published models in order to construct customized models for local use, essentially benefiting from other sites' data by distilling knowledge from publishers' models while respecting data privacy. The term “model streaming” comes from the extension of PubSub-ML to decentralized data streams with concept drift. Our extensive empirical evaluation shows that PubSub-ML outperforms federated learning methods by a significant margin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".