Recycled post-consumer HDPE as a matrix for Hemp Hurd Bio-composites for Commercial Scale-up Operations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Two types of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied, post-consumer HDPE (P.C. HDPE) and virgin HDPE (vHDPE), to observe how properties may change after a polymer has undergone additional thermal, environmental, and service histories. The difference between the virgin and P.C. HDPE was analyzed via rotational rheology as well as thermal and mechanical evaluations. Hemp hurd powder (HP) was then melt compounded with the P.C. and vHDPE polymers at 30 and 50 wt.% to fabricate hemp plastic composites (HPCs). Finally, 3 wt.% maleated HDPE was introduced as a compatibilizer to better ease stress transfer and particle distribution. All melt mixing operations were prepared using a melt kinetic mixer followed by injection molding. The P.C. HDPE had undergone severe cross-linking reactions, shown by a substantial increase in melt viscosity, which correlated to changes with weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, obtained via rotation rheometry. The crosslinking-mediated increase in viscosity also led to an increase in tensile strength and notched izod impact strength. After compatibilizing, there were notable increases in all tensile and impact strengths while also displaying a decrease in apparent thermal conductivity due to a reduction in crystallinity. Finally, when scaling up a selected composite it was found that a twin screw extruder bestows enhanced properties, due to higher shear forces and better mixing when compared to a lab scale processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".