A244 SIMILAR RISK OF INCIDENT HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN IMMIGRANTS/REFUGEES WITH HEPATITIS B CIRRHOSIS REGARDLESS OF THEIR REGION OF ORIGIN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background In Canada, over 75% of new immigrants/refugees come from HBV-endemic areas. Whether the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in immigrants/refugees with HBV cirrhosis is associated with their region of origin has not been reported. Purpose The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiology of HCC in foreign-born individuals with HBV cirrhosis stratified by region of origin. Method Population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data in Ontario, Canada. Recent immigrants/refugees with HBV (sAg+ or DNA+) and cirrhosis from 2000–2017 were identified and stratified by World Bank region of origin by linkage to the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada Permanent Resident Database. Individuals were followed until HCC, death, liver transplant, or end of study (2020). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative incidences (CI) of HCC were calculated. Using adjusted competing risks regression, the subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR) for HCC were calculated with region of origin as the main exposure where death/LT were competing events. Result(s) 4,438 immigrants/refugees were included (64% male, median age 47 years [IQR 37–56], 72% Asia/Pacific, 9% South Asia, 6% Sub-Saharan Africa, 3% Latin America/Caribbean, 7% Europe/Central Asia, 3% Middle East/North Africa) with 430 (10%) developing incident HCC over a median of 7.9 years (IQR 4.5-11.7). Age at HCC diagnosis was lowest in those from Sub-Saharan Africa (53 years IQR [44-58]). Overall, the annual incidence of HCC was 1.14/100 person-years. The CI of HCC at 1-, 5-, and 10 years was highest in those from Latin American/Caribbean (6.8%, 10.3%, and 13.1%), East Asia/Pacific (4.5%, 7.7%, 10.3%) and South Asia (4.0%, 7.2%, 10.3%). After adjusted competing risk regression (Table), decompensated cirrhosis (sHR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7–3.5), male sex (sHR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7–2.7), and age (sHR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06) were independently associated with HCC, while region of origin was not. Conclusion(s) Among immigrants/refugees with HBV cirrhosis, HCC is associated with male sex, older age, and decompensated cirrhosis but not with their region of origin. Efforts ensuring timely detection and evaluation of HBV in immigrants/refugees with a goal to prevent development of decompensated cirrhosis and provide early detection of HCC should be aggressively pursued regardless of their region of origin. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".