Effects of temperature and age on stress relaxation in straight and modified asphalt binders from a northern Ontario pavement trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of temperature and age on stress relaxation were investigated for a set of seven asphalt binders from a northern Ontario pavement trial. It was found that between binders, there were rather wide variations for different modes of relaxation. The first peak in the relaxation spectrum, originating from the rapid relaxation within the mobile saturates domains, was relatively insensitive to ageing. The second and third peaks at higher relaxation times changed more with both laboratory ageing and temperature changes. The straight-run Cold Lake asphalt binder showed the least amount of change, and this can likely explain its superior field performance. High styrene–butadiene (SB and SBS) polymer loadings, the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA), or re-refined engine oil bottoms (REOB) all resulted in solid-like behaviour, delayed stress relaxation, and associated reduced lifecycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".