The formation mechanism of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> biofilm surface morphology under competitive environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Material properties and growth environments affect the surface morphology of biofilms. Taken the biofilm growing in competitive environments as the object, which is compared with the single biofilm, we find that the competitive environment has an impact on the biofilm thickness and wrinkle patterns. Through diffusion-limited growth theoretical model analysis, it shows that the competitive environment is caused by cells competing for nutrition, and the competitive environment reacts on biofilms, which affect the phenotypic differentiation, causing changes in the stiffness of the biofilm. Using the theoretical and finite element simulation, we compare these results of bi-layer and tri-layer film-substrate models with experimental observations, and find that tri-layer film-substrate model is in line with the reality, which means that the layer between the biofilm and substrate plays an import role for wrinkle formation. Based on the above analysis, we further study effects of biofilm stiffness and interlayer thickness on wrinkles under competitive environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".