Bibliographic record
Abstract
was a disastrous day for the Italian Army on the upper Isonzo River Front.The German and Austro-Hungarian army broke through at Caporetto by a massive attack on two short sectors.The gas shells helped to turn a defeat into a rout.A retreat was ordered.The enemy was finally stopped one hundred miles and fourteen days later at the Piave River with 10,000 Italians dead, 48,000 wounded, 290,000 prisoners and over half a million civilian refugees.Antonio Cappadocia, an infantryman with the ill-fated Foggia Brigade, IT Army, was there.About 20 years later he wrote at one sitting "Qualche memoria della guerra 1915-1918."Caporetto has haunted Italians.The defeat was a painful reminder of a less significant but very important disaster at Adowa, Ethiopia, in 1896: the first victory won by Africans over Europeans."Italians with longer memories are only too aware of the defeat at the hands of the Austrians in 1866 at Custoza and Lissa.Venezia became Italian after the war because Italy's Prussian ally had crushed Austria at Sadowa.°Whether in 1865, 1915 or, even in 1940, Italy entered wars woefully unprepared, the country divided and with no effective political or military leadership.In 1915 the country had little sense of italianità, or unity of purpose.Only a minority was in favour of war: the Nationalists in search of greatness, the Irredentists (Trento, Trieste) and the King.*The masses were indifferent to the appeal of "Sacro Egoismo.""Royal prerogative and piazza agitations led to the reversal of alliances: the Pact of London of April 26, 1915.The Comando Supremo was only informed on May 6 to prepare for war against Austria-Hungary which, with Germany, had been members of the Triple Alliance since 1882 and renewed in 1912.Italy's main theatre of operation was on the Isonzo River Front where eleven battles were fought between June 6, 1915 and September 12, 1917.The typical attrition of trench warfare took
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.033 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".