Determination of β-Agonists in Liver and Retina by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of bromobuterol, cimaterol, clenbuterol, clenpenterol, hydroxymethylclenbuterol, isoxsuprine, mabuterol, ractopamine, ritrodrine, salbutamol, terbutaline, and tulobuterol residues in bovine liver and retina is reported. This procedure uses enzymatic digestion, liquid–liquid extraction, and cleanup on Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges, followed by determination of the residues by LC-tandem quadrupole MS using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive ion mode. Overall average recoveries ranged from 23 to 76% for liver and 34 to 77% for retina. The mean values for samples fortified at levels between 0.5–2.0 μg/kg (liver) and 5–20 μg/kg (retina) agreed within 98–118% of the spiked levels, with coefficients of variation ranging from 6 to 20%. The decision limits, CCα, ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 μg/kg for liver, 1–3 μg/kg for retina, and detection capabilities, CCβ, from 0.2–0.5 μg/kg for liver and 2–5 μg/kg for retina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".