Effect of Information and Communication Technologies(ICT) as Innovation Tool on Business Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the increase in innovation and competition among different businesses, Importance of ICT cannot be denied in the modern age. The objective of this study is also to evaluate the importance of ICT in business performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) especially as an innovative tool for the business. Most of the studies in literature review suggest that ICT has played very effective role in enhancing business performance of SMEs. Most of the firms have grown innovatively due to the implementation of ICT. . For reliability and validity, the evaluating scales used were exposed to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Maximum Likelihood Technique. Different tests were applied like the Structural Equation Model (SEM) on 186 Punjab-based SMEs. Results indicate that ICTs facilitate innovation favourably and substantially. Business performance was also significantly impacted by innovation and the usage of ICTs. This means that those in charge of making decisions ought to put special consideration to how they handle these critical factors for business performance. This study also recommends that firms must implement ICT as their innovative tool to compete with other firms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".