Types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Patients with ASCUS Pap Smear
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the common infectious and pathogenic agents, and some of its genotypes have the ability to cause malignant changes in the surface of mucous cells. By examining the prevalence of HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Pap smear according to the risk factors, we can make a more correct decision in choosing the evaluation method and directing the patient to report the ASCUS lesion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with ASCUS Pap smear. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with ASCUS pap smear results and HPV test referred to the colposcopy clinic of Babol Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital during the last two years. Demographic information, history of obstetrics, history of OCP use, history of STD disease and high-risk behaviors, cervical treatments, HPV typing, Pap smear, colposcopy and cervical biopsy results were recorded and analyzed. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 33.83±8.09 years, and ASCUS pap smear showed 129 cases (64.5%) of high-risk papillomavirus, 16 cases (0.8%) of low-risk papillomavirus and 55 cases (27.5%) of both types. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 was in 18 cases (0.9%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 in 10 cases (0.5%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 in 2 cases (0.1%). 17.1% of high-risk viruses caused cervical neoplasm. None of the low-risk viruses led to neoplasms and all of them were inflammatory. In both high-risk and low-risk cases, 14.5% neoplasm was seen. However, the relationship between the type of papillomavirus and the incidence of neoplasm was significant (p=0.058). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the ASCUS pap smear needs more detailed investigation such as colposcopy and cervical biopsy under the supervision of experts because it is associated with the high-risk HPV virus in many cases.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".