Optically modulated waveguide-coupled spintronic terahertz radiation emitters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increases in data bandwidth requirements are constantly pushing wireless communications networks to frequencies. With operating frequencies starting to approach the Terahertz (THz) band, it is important to develop compact, chip-based THz radiation sources that are compatible with both the semiconductor industry and the Si photonics scene. In recent years, spintronic THz emitters, thin film heterostructures with a stack thickness of 5 nm capable of producing THz pulses via femtosecond laser pulse excitation have been the subject of much interest due to their efficiency, small footprint, and ease of integration with various platforms. Here, we present spintronic THz radiation emitters on Si and SiO2 substrates integrated with optical waveguides that allow for modulation of the generated THz radiation power by up to 87% via variation of the optical pump polarization. As a result of the gradual trend towards higher frequencies, we envision such structures as being utilised for various on-chip applications alongside electronic and photonic circuits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".