Electrowashing of microalgae <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> filter cake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cake washing has been used to remove compounds trapped in the pores of a filter cake. These compounds could be desired products that should be recovered. Cake washing and electrowashing have been studied and found to present many benefits, but in some cases washing filter cakes can be a slow process. In this work, electrowashing (EW) and pressure electrowashing (PEW) were for the first time applied to enhance the liquid flowing in the the algal filter cake, which has a very high specific resistance and low washing velocity. The new EW and PEW processes were compared with conventional pressure washing (PW) of Arthrospira platensis microalgae. Washing was carried out to extract desired biocompounds (CPC, APC and proteins) from the filter cake. The study showed that the use of a constant direct current (60 A/m2) coupled with the effect of an applied hydraulic pressure was an effective way to increase the cake washing kinetics. It also demonstrated that it was possible to extract proteins and pigments by applying the washing by displacement technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".