Patient and provider perspectives on LEEP/LLETZ treatment and outcomes: an interview study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) effectively treat cervical dysplasia, though some women have reported negative outcomes postoperatively (e.g., sexual dysfunction, psychosexual sequalae). There is insufficient understanding of patient experiences with these symptoms and perspectives from the providers who perform LEEP/LLETZ. AIM: To characterize the perceptions and experiences of LEEP/LLETZ treatment from providers and patients, including whether there is a characteristic symptom profile of women who report negative outcomes. METHODS: Patients who had LEEP/LLETZ treatment and reported negative outcomes and providers who perform LEEP/LLETZ completed semistructured interviews about their perceptions and experiences, which were coded through thematic analysis (NVivo 12; QSR International). Patients also completed an online survey assessing demographics, medical history, and sexual function. OUTCOMES: Outcomes included perspectives generated from patient and provider interviews regarding LEEP/LLETZ procedural outcomes, including symptoms and experiences related to sexual functioning. RESULTS: Perspectives and experiences gathered from patient and provider interviews revealed misaligned narratives surrounding LEEP/LLETZ outcomes and treatment. We identified 4 overarching themes encapsulating provider and patient responses: Expectations for Preoperative Consultation; Procedure Experiences; Attitudes; and Resources. Patients reported a unique symptom profile and negative outcome experiences, namely surrounding domains of sexual functioning: decreased physical sensations, orgasm response, and vaginal discharge, as well as loss of arousal, interest, and desire. Patients described changes to overall quality of life, with impacts to interpersonal relationships. Patients discussed preferring open-ended and directed questions to comprehensively elucidate negative outcomes. Provider narratives outlined the current process of care, emphasizing limited experiences with adverse outcomes (e.g., sexual issues) and the use of open-ended questions during counseling. Providers described an evolving intention to create comfortable clinical spaces. Regarding pre- and postoperative resources, patients described seeking support from online patient groups, and providers disclosed limitations to providing resources. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Evidence of discordance between patient and provider perspectives of LEEP/LLETZ reveals a need to reassess clinical practices surrounding this procedure at the level of discussions regarding informed consent, sexual function, and available resources. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This study is the first to examine patient and provider perspectives on LEEP/LLETZ treatment. Only patients who self-report negative outcomes were recruited, to elicit narratives from this specific subpopulation. CONCLUSION: Results indicate a characteristic symptom profile of women who undergo LEEP/LLETZ and report negative outcomes and that the perceptions of patients and providers differ regarding several aspects of the treatment experience, supporting the need for directed open conversation and comprehensive pre- and postoperative sexual counseling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".