Two excitation pathways of Pr3+ ion emission in HfO2:Si:Pr films depending on crystalline phase transformations in annealing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of annealing on the emission and transformation of the crystalline phases in Si rich HfO 2 :Pr films was investigated by analyzing the morphology, chemical composition, structure, and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics. Films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering and monitored as-prepared and after annealing at 1000 °C for 5–60 min. Emission through host HfO 2 defects has only been detected in spectra of as-prepared Si rich HfO 2 :Pr films. Heat treatment for 30 min stimulates a phase transformation together with the appearance of a tetragonal HfO 2 phase and Si quantum dot (QDs). This last process is accompanied by appearance of bright emission of rare earth (RE) ions Pr 3+ related to the transitions in the 4f energy levels. Additional annealing for 60 min stimulates the complete oxidation of the Si QDs with the formation of the SiO 2 phase along with partial destruction of a tetragonal HfO 2 phase. This last process is accompanied by the significant increase of the intensity of Pr 3+ ion emission . Two forms of luminescence excitation in 4f energy levels of Pr 3+ ions are discussed, related to energy transfer to Pr 3+ ions, first from Si QDs and then from host defects in HfO 2 . These changes in the excitation pathways of Pr 3+ ion emissions are stimulated by the transformations of the crystalline phases in the thermal treatment together with the generation of host HfO 2 defects. Hafnia-based materials doped with RE elements are interesting for telecommunication technology and applications in waveguides and optoelectronic devices .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".