Seasonal Variability of the Ocean Circulation in Queen Charlotte Strait, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Queen Charlotte Strait (QCST) is a large marine area separating northern Vancouver Island from the British Columbia mainland. Although it is an important waterway connecting Queen Charlotte Sound with Johnstone Strait and eventually the Strait of Georgia, complex dynamics in QCST, including tides, surface winds, river runoffs, and coastal currents, are yet understudied. In this numerical study, a high-resolution (up to approximately 10 m in the horizontal) model was developed for QCST and adjacent areas to investigate the circulation in the strait, using the unstructured grid, Finite-Volume, primitive equation Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). Two operational larger-scale models force the FVCOM model: the Coastal Ice Ocean Prediction System for the West coast (CIOPS-W) at the open ocean (one-way nesting), and the High-Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS) at surface boundaries. Prevailing winds over QCST are southeasterly in winter and northwesterly in summer and the model demonstrated the capacity to reproduce the ocean circulation regimes in both seasons of 2019. Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) and correlation analyses determined that surface winds play a dominant role on the variability of residual flow in QCST in the winter, while river runoffs strongly influence the variability during the summer. The analyses highlight that QCST is a complex estuarine system with significant seasonal variability rather than just a simple conduit between Queen Charlotte Sound and the Strait of Georgia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".