Electrochemical Cement Clinker Precursor Production at Low Voltages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cement production is carbon intensive today because fossil fuels are used to heat high-temperature kilns, and because CO 2 is released as a byproduct of limestone (CaCO 3 ) decomposition. Electrochemical reactors can decarbonize cement production by using electricity instead of heat to convert CaCO 3 into Ca(OH) 2, a cement clinker precusor, while releasing the CO 2 byproduct as a pure stream. Herein, we report a “cement electrolyzer” that electrolytically converts limestone into Ca(OH) 2 at a cell voltage of 1.8 V at 100 mA cm –2 . This new benchmark improves upon the previous record of 4.2 V by oxidizing the H 2 byproduct from the cathode compartment into protons for CaCO 3 decomposition. A techno-economic model shows that this use of H 2 decreases the cost of cement production by $36/t cement compared to the use of H 2 as a kiln fuel. This work describes an energy-efficient cement electrolyzer and advances the feasibility of electrochemical cement production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".