Including soil alters the optimization of forestry with carbon sinks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We integrate a carbon net sink and stand-level wood production to analyze their simultaneous optimization as an economic problem. Carbon is included in living trees, wood products, and forest soil. Forestry is specified by a size-structured model for optimizing thinning timing and intensity, rotation period, and the optimal choice of rotation versus continuous cover forestry. The optimal inclusion of a carbon net sink increases the carbon pool mainly in living trees and forest soil, while the effect on the product carbon pool remains minor. With a 3% interest rate, increasing the CO 2 price to €40 per tCO 2 increases the total steady-state carbon pool by 131% and the soil carbon accounts for ca. 60% of the increased carbon storage. Omitting soil carbon, as in previous studies, leads to underestimates of the carbon sink, significantly decreasing the optimal total CO 2 net sink and achievable economic net gain from joint wood production and carbon management. The inclusion of soil carbon suggests that, in contrast to previous results, a higher CO 2 price does not necessarily favor continuous cover forestry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".