Green IoT: A Review and Future Research Directions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The internet of things (IoT) has a significant economic and environmental impact owing to the billions or trillions of interconnected devices that use various types of sensors to communicate through the internet. It is well recognized that each sensor requires a small amount of energy to function; but, with billions of sensors, energy consumption can be significant. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on developing energy-efficient IoT technology and sustainable solutions. The contribution of this article is to support the implementation of eco-friendly IoT solutions by presenting a thorough examination of energy-efficient practices and strategies for IoT to assist in the advancement of sustainable and energy-efficient IoT technologies in the future. Four framework principles for achieving this are discussed, including (i) energy-efficient machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, (ii) energy-efficient and eco-sustainable wireless sensor networks (WSN), (iii) energy-efficient radio-frequency identification (RFID), and (iv) energy-efficient microcontroller units and integrated circuits (IC). This review aims to contribute to the next-generation implementation of eco-sustainable and energy-efficient IoT technologies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".