Dual-Frequency Vortex Beam Generation Using Coding Metasurface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a dual-frequency coding metasurface (CM) for vortex beam generation. The metasurface unit cell is realized with two symmetric metal layers separated by a dielectric substrate. Each metal layer consists of an outer square ring, a middle square ring, and an inner rhombus patch. Two out-of-phase transmitting states in two bands are achieved by rotating the inner rhombus patch by 90 °. Two 1 = + 2 vortex beams are then realized in two different bands by properly distributing the two states on the metasurface aperture. A metasurface with $30 \times 30$ elements is designed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results agree well with the simulating ones, showing that the metasurface achieves a high transforming efficiency in both Ku (13.6-14.8GHz) band and Ka (26.7-27.7 GHz) band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".