Sulfosuccinic acid-based metal-center catalysts for the synthesis of HMF from carbohydrates
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been highlighted as a promising platform chemical and a keystone for the implementation of carbohydrate-based biorefineries . However, substrate cost remains a hurdle for the industrialization of HMF. Using Cr, Zr, and Ti precursors, three novel bifunctional catalysts with sulfosuccinic acid as ligand were developed, and their catalytic properties tested on the synthesis of HMF. Cr-SSA was the most effective in producing HMF, reaching 60% yield after 3 h. Similar results were obtained from sucrose, reaching 60% molar yield. Kinetic models were developed to provide a better understanding of the reactions’ pathway, suggesting that glucose-to-fructose isomerization was the preferred pathway for HMF formation when using Cr-SSA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it