Optimal substitution of black soldier fly larvae for fish in broiler chicken diets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In pursuit of finding the optimum substitution level of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as an alternative protein source for fish meal (FM) in broiler diets, the effect of partial or complete substitution on feed utilization efficiency, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and marginal economic benefits was assessed. 150 Cobb500 day old chicks were randomly allocated to five treatment diets in which graded levels of BSFLM substituted. FM; SD1 (control diet with only FM), SD2 (250), SD3 (500), SD4 (750), and SD5 (1000 g/kg DM), for 28 days. Subsequently, a conventional FM-based finisher diet was fed until day 42. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were determined and the second derivative of the FCR regression function used to determine the optimal inclusion of BSFLM. Further, marginal analysis was used to evaluate the marginal economic benefit of including BSFLM. The response to increasing amounts of BSFLM in the diet followed a quadratic trend (P<0.05) with a reduction in feed intake, FCR and weight gain (P<0.05) occurring after 500 g/kg substitution and reaching the nadir at complete substitution. However, birds exhibited a compensatory growth when switched to fish-based finisher diet (day 28–42). No effect of substitution was observed on carcass parts except for a decrease in dressing percentage and an increase in visceral organ weights (P<0.05) at complete substitution. The optimal substitution based on FCR was calculated to be 540 g/kg. Proximate and fatty acid analysis of muscle indicated that Substitution of FM with BSFLM, reduced (p<0.05) protein and Omega 3 fatty acids. Additionally, increasing BSFLM in the diet up to 500 g/kg DM resulted in a 23% decrease in feed cost per bird and higher net marginal benefits. Therefore, replacement of FM with up to 540 g/kg BSFLM in starter diets, does not compromise growth and meat quality in broiler chickens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".