Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly transmissible pathogenic coronavirus emerged in late 2019 causing a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named 'coronavirus disease 2019' .It has spread fast all over the world posing an extraordinary threat to global public health.Along with SARS-CoV-2, there are seven human coronaviruses.Those causing mild diseases are the 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU1, and the pathogenic ones are SARSCoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.Objective: This review has highlighted the basic virology of SARS CoV-2 including its origin, structure, genomic characteristics, pathogenesis, immunological response and clinical manifestation along with the key difference of SARS CoV2 from the previous Coronaviruses.Content: Coronaviruses are spherical and enveloped with club-shaped spikes on the surface.It has a large positive sense, single stranded RNA genome within the nucleocapsid with a helical symmetry.It has been known to cause infection to innumerable mammalian hosts, like humans, cats, bats, civets, dogs, and camels.The viral genome contains four major structural proteins: the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E) and the nucleocapsid (N) protein encoded within the 3' end of the genome.Virus binds to the host cell by the S protein with specific receptor.Following receptor binding, the virus enters host cell cytosol and there is fusion of the viral and cellular membranes followed by the translation of the viral genomic RNA.Following the viral replication and sub-genomic RNA synthesis, there is formation of the mature virus.The virions are then transported to the cell surface in vesicles and are released by exocytosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".