Control Systems Testing with a Flexible Co-simulation Interface to PSCAD/EMTDC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper discusses a general-purpose co-simulation interface to a non-real-time electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation software called PSCAD. The interface uses embedded Python interpreter which supplements the EMT capabilities with powerful mathematical functions and scripting facilities. The co-simulation is demonstrated with an example of controls implemented in Python running on a personal computer (PC) as well as the same controls running on a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller via an interrupt-based processor-in-loop (PIL) version of the interface. The PIL platform allows for rapid development, validation, testing, and prototyping of the control algorithm on a hardware platform. The paper presents the advantages of performing PIL co-simulation using a powerful scripting language such as Python embedded into an EMT simulation. It includes comprehensive details of the interface along with controller source code to help readers implement it. The power systems example used to demonstrate the interface is a boost converter implemented in PSCAD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".