Anterior extension of the choroid plexus into the frontal horns of the fetal lateral cerebral ventricles: Prenatal findings and postnatal outcome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short- and long-term outcome of fetuses with evidence of extension of the choroid plexus into the frontal horns. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of fetuses diagnosed with isolated choroid plexi extending into the frontal horns. Fetuses with major central nervous system anomalies were excluded. Ultrasound and fetal/postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated. Postnatal outcomes, including developmental assessment, were obtained. RESULTS: Twenty nine fetuses were diagnosed with choroid plexus extension (22 unilateral and 7 bilateral). Gestational age at diagnosis was 19.3 weeks. Three cases (10.3%) presented with nonspecific extra-CNS findings. At presentation, 8/29 (28%) cases had single/multiple choroid plexus cysts (CPC). Twenty-six (89.6%) cases underwent antenatal MRI. On MRI, four cases had punctate susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) foci suggesting trace hemosiderin and two cases had ventriculomegaly. Antenatal follow-up demonstrated resolution of the choroid plexus extension in 90% (18/20). Gestational age at delivery was 39.6 weeks. All had normal neurologic examinations within 24 h of life. Postnatal MRI studies were notable for deep venous differences in seven cases. Long-term clinical outcome was assessed in 14 cases with a median follow-up of 1.75 years, with normal neurodevelopment reported in 13/14 (92.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Most fetuses with an anterior extension of the choroid plexus as the sole sonographic finding had favorable outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".