Blood pressure and desaturation in children and adolescents with primary hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Primary hypertension (PHT) has long ceased to be an adult problem. It commonly affects children and adolescents and is becoming a severe health care problem in many countries. In contrast to secondary hypertension, which occurs mainly in younger children with kidney, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders, PHT affects older children and adolescents. Potential causes of PHT include being overweight, particularly obese, sleep apnea, and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Vegetative system activity is an essential factor in children’s blood pressure (BP). Those with excessive sympathetic system activity have increased heart rate, BP, and other parameters characterizing the positive chronotropic effect. In turn, one of the factors stimulating the SNS is blood desaturation (DES). This study investigates the relationship between ambulatory BP and oxygen DES rates. Material and methods The degree and number of DES episodes were assessed by finger pulse oximetry during 24-h ambulatory monitoring in 54 boys and girls with PHT. Their results were compared to 52 healthy children without PHT. Results Several disturbances in blood saturation were found in children with PHT. They had more episodes of DES and profound hypoxia (< 90%), their blood DES was significantly lower, and their DES time was longer. Additionally, higher systolic BP and higher diastolic pressure loads were observed throughout the day and night in children with longer DES times (> 60 s), who also had more DES episodes and lower baseline and average blood saturation. Conclusions Children with PHT show significant disturbances in blood oxygenation, leading to overactive SNS activity, which may be a crucial element in PHT pathogenesis in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".