Survey of Visual and Predictive Aspects of Batting and Eye Care Utilization in Baseball Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent laboratory studies suggest that baseball batters use pre-pitch and post-pitch cues in batting and that high-level batters have excellent visual acuity. This study aimed to survey baseball batters on eye and head tracking and fixation behaviors, whether players received eye examinations during their playing careers, and on players’ recollections of coaching advice. An online survey was sent to potential respondents. Fifty-nine current or former baseball players who participated at the college level (54) or above (5) completed all (58) or most of the survey. Most were Division 3 college players. Survey responses suggested that pre-pitch and post-pitch cues were used by batters and that eye and head-tracking behaviors were similar to those in laboratory studies. Survey answers on batters’ behaviors largely matched answers on coaching advice. Most respondents had received an eye examination while playing, but most had not discussed visiontherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".