When Mercantilism Upsets Neo-Classical Liberal Thinking: The Pandemic COVID-19 as a Revelation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The pandemic shock of COVID-19 had the indirect but powerful consequence of highlighting the limits of economic globalisation. National security not only is a military matter but also includes, more than ever, the sectors of health, education, industrial risks or the protection and availability of natural resources. States can no longer forget that products and services essential to human survival (food, medicines, and civil protection) must always be available within the country, either in stock or in immediate production capacity. The same applies to the control of vital technologies (especially digital). The power relations openly expressed in the military order being extended to the economic sector, as evidenced by the resurgence of economic sanctions. In the context of nuclear dissuasion, for the superpowers, it is no longer a question of obtaining mutual benefits through international exchanges; the will to weaken the power of the other becomes prevalent. At a time when the acceleration of major or more minor innovations is transforming the relevant spaces of socioeconomic regulation, particularly the nation-state, when the masses and financial flows are becoming uncontrollable, when the effects of climate change and the finiteness of natural resources should force us to reflect on the real sustainability of the dominant system of accumulation, logically implying determined cooperation, institutional innovations and more widely shared collective political visions, States that lack theoretical and practical tools are tempted to turn in on themselves. This paradox provides a breeding ground for new populisms and other forms of nationalism and radicalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".